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Civil death ((ラテン語:civiliter mortuus))〔http://www.law-dictionary.org/CIVILITER+MORTUUS.asp?q=CIVILITER+MORTUUS〕 is the loss of all or almost all civil rights by a person due to a conviction for a felony or due to an act by the government of a country that results in the loss of civil rights. It is usually inflicted on persons convicted of crimes against the state or adults determined by a court to be legally incompetent because of mental disability.〔See e.g. Interdiction of F.T.E., 594 So.2d 480 (La. App. 2d Cir. 1992).〕 In medieval Europe, felons lost all civil rights upon their conviction. This civil death often led to actual death, since anyone could kill and injure a felon with impunity.〔Manza, Jeff and Uggen, Christopher. Punishment and Democracy: Disenfranchisement of Nonincarcerated Felons in the United States. 'Perspectives on Politics.' Page 492. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3688812〕 Under the Holy Roman Empire, a person declared civilly dead was referred to as ''vogelfrei'', ‘free as a bird’, and could even be killed since they were completely outside the law.〔Article "Death, Civil;" Encyclopædia Americana, 1830 ed, page 138〕 Historically outlawry, that is, declaring a person as an outlaw, was a common form of civil death.〔 In the US, the disenfranchisement of felons has been called a form of civil death, as has being subjected to collateral consequences in general.〔(Gabriel J. Chin, ''The New Civil Death: Rethinking Punishment in the Era of Mass Conviction'', 160 U. Penn. L. Rev. 1789 (2012) )〕 ==See also== *Loss of rights due to felony conviction 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「civil death」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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